Aplicación convenio BMW para los buques OPDR CANARIAS y ANDALUCÍA

Abstract

La migración de especies es un proceso que ha tenido lugar durante años con motivo de las actividades humanas, este movimiento ha ido en aumento debido a la globalización y todos los avances en el ámbito tecnológicos relacionados con el transporte de cualquier tipo en estas últimas décadas. Estas migraciones han propiciado el aumento de riesgos en los ecosistemas y entornos naturales propios de los rasgos invasivos que afectan a la fauna y la flora. En cohesión con el tema a trabajar, gran parte de estas invasiones son producidas por los ejercicios marinos y, en gran medida, por las aguas de lastre de los buques empleadas para mantener la estabilidad y equilibrio. Esta agua de lastre generalmente definida como “aguas de mar transportada por buques para garantizar estabilidad, asiento e integridad estructural” se incluye en una cadena de desastres ambientales que influyen directamente en el mantenimiento tanto de zonas de aguas interiores como alta mar, así como unos graves impactos económicos. Se ha podido calcular que en todo el mundo se desplazan unos 13 millones de toneladas de agua de lastre al año. Por cada embarcación se pueden transferir varios centenares de litros acorde a las finalidades y dimensiones del buque.

The migration of species is a process that has taken place for years due to human activities, this movement has been increasing due to globalization and all the advances in the technological field related to transport of any kind in these last decades. These migrations have led to increased risks in the ecosystems and natural environments of the invasive features that affect the fauna and flora. In cohesion with the subject to work, great part of these invasions is produced by the marine exercises and, to a great extent, by the waters of ballast of the used ships to maintain the stability and balance. This ballast water, generally defined as "sea water transported by ships to guarantee stability, seating and structural integrity" is included in a chain of environmental disasters that directly influence the maintenance of both inland and offshore areas, as well as serious economic impacts. It has been calculated that around 13 million tons of ballast water are displaced every year. For each vessel, several hundred litters can be transferred according to the purposes and dimensions of the vessel. Said waters present in their composition sediments and microorganisms of different nature in all their stages of life in relation to the port of destination in which their release will take place, thus favouring the occurrence of such contamination and the invasive species are capable of damaging marine biodiversity, the health of the human being, the ecosystems of that area and the activities that are carried out there. Being an example of this type of attack on public health is the case that arose in Peru in 1991 where, the cholera virus (Vibrio cholera) was accidentally discharged, causing the death toll of more than 5,000 human beings.