Perspectiva de castigo y deshumanización en conductas COVID-19

Abstract

En esta investigación, se trató ver la opinión de las personas cuando un individuo realizaba una conducta inmoral relacionada con el COVID-19 y dependiendo de si esta era una persona cercana o desconocida para el participante, este tendería a castigarla de manera diferente además de deshumanizar en mayor o menor medida. Por ello, se estudió la reacción de los sujetos al plantearles diversas situaciones las cuales podían ser realizadas por una persona desconocida o por el contrario, por un miembro de su familia cercana. Además, debían juzgar el tipo de castigo a imponer y el grado de deshumanización aplicada. En la investigación participaron 50 personas, 25 para cada condición experimental. Principalmente, se utilizaron dos cuestionarios cerrados, uno donde la persona infractora es desconocida y otro donde el infractor era un miembro de la familia cercana. En ellas, se encontraban escalas de medición de características únicamente humanas y de naturaleza humana y escalas para medir el tipo de castigo a imponer (castigar, recriminar personalmente y sancionar económicamente). Como conclusiones encontradas, se pudo observar que a la hora de querer imponer un castigo más severo y en cuanto a querer deshumanizar en mayor medida a un infractor por cometer una conducta anti-covid, los resultados fueron significativos cuando la conducta realizada era percibida como más grave, sin embargo, no lo fue en cuanto al tipo de infractor.

In this research, we tried to see the opinion of people when an individual performed an immoral behavior related to COVID-19 and depending on whether this was a person close or unknown to the participant, he/she would tend to punish it differently as well as dehumanize to a greater or lesser extent. Therefore, the reaction of the subjects was studied when they were presented with different situations which could be carried out by an unknown person or, on the contrary, by a member of their close family. In addition, they had to judge the type of punishment to be imposed and the degree of dehumanization applied. Fifty people participated in the research, 25 for each experimental condition. Mainly, two closed questionnaires were used, one where the offending person is unknown and the other where the offender was a member of the close family. In them, there were scales for measuring uniquely human characteristics and human nature and scales for measuring the type of punishment to impose (punish, personal reprimand and economic sanction). As conclusions, it was observed that when it came to wanting to impose a more severe punishment and to dehumanize an offender to a greater extent for committing an anti-covid behavior, the results were significant when the behavior was perceived as more serious; however, this was not the case with regard to the type of offender.