Estudio de viabilidad y diseño de una planta fotovoltaica con conexión a red para un conjunto de viviendas

Abstract

In recent years, due to the repeal of Royal Decree 900/2015 of October 9, which meant the end of the popularly known as "sun tax", and also due to the approval of Royal Decree 244/2019, which seeks to simplify administrative procedures, the number of photovoltaic electricity generation facilities has grown exponentially, as has its demand. This last rule also opens the possibility for the installations of individuals and small companies to sell the surplus energy generated by their photovoltaic installations to the electricity grid, and the possibility that several individuals can share the generation of a photovoltaic installation. Precisely, these last-mentioned advantages are what make it worthwhile to study and analyse the implementation of a photovoltaic installation for shared selfconsumption with grid connection, and subject to financial compensation, in a set of thirteen semi-detached single-family homes located in Barranco Hondo, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. The fact of not needing to install a battery to store the unconsumed energy, which is by far the most expensive component of a photovoltaic installation, together with the possibility of sharing the costs of installation and maintenance of the installation among many users, mean that the period of time necessary for the installation to be profitable is considerably reduced, and can be as long as a few years. In order to carry out this analysis, we must study the geographical and meteorological characteristics of the physical place where the installation will be located, in order to calculate its generation possibilities. The installation must be dimensioned according to the electricity consumption needs that an average household may have in that region during the hours when the photovoltaic plant has power generation capacity. The optimal components in relation to value for money should be chosen for the correct operation of the installation, and it should be checked if it is necessary to make any type of change in the electrical installation previously present in each home. This document includes all the necessary information to be able to execute the project in an ideal way for the economic and energy interests of the interested parties, and to be able to protect the health and guarantee the physical integrity of the workers who will be in charge of carrying out the project.