Titanium and its alloys have been widely used for clinical applications because of their biocompatibility and exceptional chemical
inertness, in addition to their outstanding osseointegration characteristics. They are well known to form a robust protective film on
the surface that provides a high corrosion resistance with the surrounding environment. Although this passive state of titaniumbased materials is often considered to be achieved very rapidly, even when damaged, and to be chemically stable in physiological
environments, evidences of passivity breakdown and electron transfer reactions have been collected using high resolution
microelectrochemical techniques. Thus, further optimizations are required for their forthcoming applications.
