Wind farm energy surplus storage solution with second-life vehicle batteries in isolated grids

Abstract

Energy storage, demand-side response, and electromobility expansion are important issues in the energy transition towards the goal of carbon neutrality. Automobile fleet electrification entails not only a reduction in emissions, but also an improvement in energy efficiency. However, the accumulation of batteries in landfills represents a huge problem in the medium-long term. These challenges become more relevant for islands. This article proposes to reuse batteries that are no longer useful for transportation as energy storage to recover renewable energy surpluses. A methodology for the techno-economical assessment of second-life car batteries as a storage solution in wind farms is presented. This method was successfully applied in two wind farms located on Tenerife island. The results delve into the feasibility of the solution, environmental impact, and government policies in terms of subsidy support. Moreover, extending the battery lifespan contributes to the circular economy, which aligns with the United Nations sustainable development goals on affordable and clean energy. In conclusion, second-life batteries could play an essential role as energy storage in the medium-long term on isolated systems.